Intangamarara Ku bijanye n'Iterambere ry'Amateka Ya Cocoa Butter

Mbega abantu bo muri iki gihe ni "abakunda isi" canke "bakunda cane"? Ibiseke vy’isokoroti vy’agatangaza vyamaze igihe kirekire "mu mazu y'abantu basanzwe" kandi mbere arazwi n'urugo rwose, mbere n'abagore n'abana. Ariko rero, ikintu nyamukuru co gukora isokoroti, igiti c’ibimera vy’ibiyaga vy’ubushuhe, ni “ikinyegejwe muri boudoir kandi kitazwi kw’isi” kandi hafi y’aho abantu baribagiwe.
Igihe Columbus yamenya Isi Nshasha ya Amerika, Abanyaburaya barirutse baja mu gihugu ciza cane ca Amerika kugira ngo bagerageze gutahura indoto yabo yo kuronka ubutunzi. Abanyaburaya baramenye vyinshi ku Banyamerika b’imvukira kandi barabikoresha mu buryo bushitse, ivyo bikaba vyatuma habaho ingaruka nyinshi cane kandi bikaba vyararonse ubutunzi bwinshi.
Iciyo gihe, abo ba Spaniards baja muri Mexique babona ko ibiceri vy’Abahindi biri kw’isoko vyari ubwoko bw’imbuto z’ibimera. Ubwo bwoko bw’igiceri burashobora guseruka mu mpumuro maze buvanze n’ifu y’ibigori kugira ngo ukore umukate. Abahindi barakunda kurya ubwo bwoko bw’umukate. Bivugwa ko kurya iyo gato bizotuma ugira inguvu n’urushe. Abahindi bahamagaye imbuto y'imbuto "chocolate peel" kandi aba Spaniards bayita "chocolate". Ubwo bwoko bw'igiti buvyara "chocolate" bukura mw'ishamba rya mbere kandi ni gake cane. Abahindi bategerezwa kuja mw'ishamba rinini kugira ngo barondere "chocolate". Abahindi bahamagaye iki giti "Cocoa Hutoli". Mu nyuma, abahinga mu vy'ibimera vyitwa iki giti "igiti ca kakawo" gishingiye kuri iyo nkuru. Abanyasipaniya bari bafitaniye isano cane n'"cholate". Baciye basubira muri Espagne mu bwato, bamenyesha umwami ingaruka z'amageza ku mwami. Umwami wa Espagne yarisomye "chocolate", aca yigisha kwegeranya imbuto nyinshi z'igiti cakaa muri Mexique maze yubaka uruganda rwa mbere rwo gutunganya isokoroti n'ubuhinga bwo gukora isokoroti muri Esupanye. Mu myaka amajana, Abanyaburengero baraguma bahingura isokoroti kandi baratanga ibifungurwa ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’ibitoke vy’isokoroti, ivyo bikaba vyagize uruhara rwiza mu gutuma umuntu aronka ivyo kurya vy’abantu.
Cocoa ni igiti gitoyi gishimishije c’umuryango Sterculiaceae. Ico kintu gikomeye cane ni uko gikura kandi kigaca ivyamwa ku nkono za kera. Amashurwe arashavura ataco akora ku gitereko, kandi ivyamwa na vyo nyene birakura ataco bihinduye ku gikapu. Amashurwe ni mato kandi ivyamwa ni binini. Ivyamwa ni oval, bifise imirongo igaragara cane ku ruhande. Ni orange - ey mw’ibara. Ivyamwa vyose bipima nk’ikilo 1. Igiti cose c’ikawa gishobora kwama 60-70 ivyamwa, kandi ivyamwa vyose birimwo imbuto 30-50. Izo mbuto ni ibikoresho vya mbere vy’isokoroti. Imbuto za Cocoa zirimwo ubwoko bw’amavuta ya kakawo, ari yo ikomeye mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, ariko itangura gushongera ku 37 degrees. Ubushuhe bwo mu kanwa k’umuntu ni 37,5 degrees, rero isokoroti ikozwe n’amavuta ya kakawo ntizoshonga iyo igumye mu kuboko, ariko izoca ishonga iyo igumye mu kanwa. "Birashongera gusa mu kanwa, si mu kuboko" rero ni co cacitse insiguro y'imenyekanisha kuruta izindi zose z'abadandaza b'isokoroti. Ifu y’i Cocoa ifise inguvu nyinshi z’ubushuhe. Iyo abaganga bashobora kurya ifu ya kakawo imbere y’uko bagenda ku meza canke abapilote imbere y’uko bagenda, barashobora kuguma bafise inguvu zikomeye igihe kirekire. Ikindi, ifu ya kakawo iratunze cane poroteyine, iragira ingaruka nziza kandi ivyura umutima, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk’ikinyobwa c’agaciro kanini.
Tea, ikawa, na kakawo ni vyo binyobwa bitatu bikomeye kw’isi. Ivyatsi vyavuye muri Aziya, ikawa ikomoka muri Afirika, n’ikawa ikomoka muri Amerika. Ivyo bisa n’uko ari intunganyo y’ubwenge. Utitaye aho vyakomoka, ibiterwa ni vyo bikunda gutunga abantu kandi bizokorera abantu bose.
Igiti ca kakawo ni igiterwa c’ivyatsi bishushe, Sterculiaceae. Igiti ca kakawo kiratera imbere buhoro buhoro kandi kiraryoshe cane. Ishobora gusa gukora ibitoke vya kakawo inyuma ya 5- imyaka yo gutera. Umusaruro ni wo uhambaye cane iyo igiti gifise imyaka 25, hanyuma kigaca gisenyuka buhoro buhoro. Ivyamwa vyaco birahinduka mu mezi 4-6. Irakura kabiri mu mwaka, kandi igihe kinini c’umwimbu ni kuva mu kwezi kwa Gitugutu gushika mu kwezi kwa kigarama. Igihe c’iyimbura c’ibiti vy’i Equateur vy’i Equateur mu nyuma gatoyi, muri rusangi kuva mu kwezi kwa kigarama gushika muri Mukakaro w’umwaka ukurikira. Ico camwa gifise ishusho y’ipod, uburebure bwa 15-30 cm, icatsi kibisi hanze, kandi kirimwo ivyamwa 30,40 imbere. Inyuma yo kwimbura, ibitoke vya kakawo bikwiye gufumbirwa no gukurwamwo. Igiti cose gishobora kwimbura ibiro 1-2 vy’ibiharage vyumye ku mwaka.
Cocoa ifise agaciro kanini k’ingaburo. Ibirungo vyavyo nyamukuru ni amavuta ya kakawo, teobromine na caféine, ni ukuvuga ibinure, ibinure, poroteyine n’amabuye y’agaciro nk’amabuye y’agaciro, potassium na alkaloïdes (nk’inyama z’ingurube) vyose bifise akamaro kanini.
Ibikombe vya Cocoa ni vyo bikoresho nyamukuru vyo gukora isokoroti, kandi hariho n’ibintu vy’agaciro vy’agaciro n’ibintu biheza. Nk’akakaka kavunitse, kakawo kakaya, amazi y’ibitoke canke umutobe, amavuta ya kakawo, imikate ya kakawo n’ifu ya kakawo. Kakawo isigaye na yo nyene irashobora gukoreshwa nk’ikintu co kwisiga, nk’ibifungurwa vy’ibikoko, be n’umuvinyu wo guteka.
amavuta ya Cocoa ni ibinure vy’akameremere mu bitunguru vya kakawo, ivyo bikaba bidatuma amaraso y’amaraso arushirizaho. Itanga kandi isokoroti rikaryoherwa n’ugushonga - imeza- Ibiranga ubuso bw’umubiri. Ivyigwa vyerekanye ko naho amavuta ya kakawo afise ibinure vyinshi vy’umubiri, ntibituma cholestérol y’amaraso nk’ibindi binure vyuzuye. Ivyo ni kubera ko ifise aside staric nyinshi cane. Asidi ya tearic ni imwe mu masiride nyamukuru y’ibinure mu butter, bushobora kugabanya cholesterol y’amaraso.